Knowing the temperature profile through the different layers is important for design and operational trouble-shooting. It is clear that the design of refractory linings is becoming increasingly important both structurally and in energy efficiency terms. Also fitness for service (FFS) assessments which include refractory linings and the practice of simply changing the refractory design without proper engineering approval could leave companies exposed.
Heat transfer theory is generally well understood and it is possible to predict temperature profiles under various conditions with reasonable accuracy, where accurate thermal property and convective/radiative boundary conditions are known. Refractory linings are generally composed of multiple layers of varying insulating materials and a dense abrasion resistant hot face layer.
In many cases, simplifying assumptions are made when undertaking a heat transfer analysis. Incorrect assumptions can lead to poor or the wrong selection of materials which in turn can lead to excess heat loss, refractory failure, overheating of vessels, too low shell temperatures or poor lining design with increased capital costs.
Research has found that there is a significant difference between datasheet thermal conductivity and published data. The effect of higher material thermal conductivity and gaps between concrete layers is important.
We can undertake quick 1D transient heat transfer analysis to accurately predict temperature within structures also more detailed 2D and 3D analysis can be carried out.
